Capacitors Used For Energy Storage

Capacitors Used For Energy Storage

Capacitors are devices which store electrical energy in the form of electrical charge accumulated on their plates. When a capacitor is connected to a power source, it accumulates energy which can be released when the capacitor is disconnected from the charging source, and in this respect they are similar to batteries. The difference is that a battery uses electrochemical processes to store energy, while a capacitor simply stores charge. As such, capacitors are able to release the stored energy at a much higher rate than batteries, since chemical processes need more time to take place.

The amount of stored energy depends on the amount of charge that is stored on the capacitor’s plates. Alternatively, the amount of energy stored can also be defined in regards to the voltage across the capacitor. The formula that describes this relationship is:

where W is the energy stored on the capacitor, measured in joules, Q is the amount of charge stored on the capacitor, C is the capacitance and V is the voltage across the capacitor. As seen from the above equation, the maximum amount of energy that can be stored on a capacitor depends on the capacitance, as well as the maximum rated voltage of a capacitor.

The stored energy can be quickly released from the capacitor due to the fact that capacitors have low internal resistance. This property is often used in systems that generate large load spikes. In such cases, batteries cannot provide enough current and capacitors are used to supplement batteries. During off-peak working conditions, the capacitor is again recharged to a nominal voltage.

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